Rabu, 13 Februari 2013

genre of text


genre of text

Disusun oleh :
Lisa yana
Kelas XI IPS 4




Sman 3 pekanbaru
Tahun ajaran 2013 – 2014




Narative text
·         Meaning : the story that never happen or it’s just fiction .
·         Purpose : to ertertain to listener .
·         Generic structure :
Ø  Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced .
Ø  Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
Ø  Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved .

·       Tense :   Narrative tenses are verb tenses that are used to talk about the past. They are often found in stories and descriptions of past events, such as personal anecdotes.
·        Example of narative :
The Legend of Rawa Pening
Once upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a little village. He was very hungry and weak. He knocked at every door and asked for some food, but nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little boy.

Finally, a generous woman helped him. She gave him shelter and a meal. When the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a “lesung”, a big wooden mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, “please remember, if there is a flood you must save yourself. Use this “lesung” as a boat”. The “lesung” was happy and thanked the old woman.The little boy continued his journey. While he was passing through the village, he saw many people gathering on the field. The boy came closer and saw a stick stuck in the ground. People challenged each other to pull out that stick. Everybody tried, but nobody succeeded. “Can I try?” asked the little boy. The crowd laughed mockingly. The boy wanted to try his luck so he stepped forward and pulled out the stick. He could do it very easily. Everybody was dumbfounded.

Suddenly, from the hole left by stick, water spouted out. It did not stop until it flooded the village. And no one was saved from the water except the little boy and the generous old woman who gave him shelter and meal. As she told him, he used the “lesung” as a boat and picked up the old woman. The whole village became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa Pening Lake in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia.

Descriptive text
·         Meaning : Description is about sensory experience—how something looks, sounds, tastes. Mostly it is about visual experience, but description also deals with other kinds of perception.
·         Purpose : Description is used in all forms of writing to create a vivid impression of a person, place, object or event e.g. to: , describe a special place and explain why it is special ,describethe most important person in your life , describe the animal's habitat in your report Descriptivewriting is usually used to help a writer develop an aspect of their work, eg. to create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that the reader can create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc.

·         Generic strukture :

õ  Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
õ  Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.
·         Tenses :  simple present tense
·         Example :
My guitar
My most valuable possession is an old, slightly warped blond guitar--the first instrument I taught myself how to play.

It's nothing fancy, just a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed and scratched and finger-printed. At the top is a bramble of copper-wound strings, each one hooked through the eye of a silver tuning key. The strings are stretched down a long, slim neck, its frets tarnished, the wood worn by years of fingers pressing chords and picking notes. The body of the Madeira is shaped like an enormous yellow pear, one that was slightly damaged in shipping. The blond wood has been chipped and gouged to gray, particularly where the pick guard fell off yearsago.

No, it's not a beautiful instrument, but it still lets me make music, and for that I will always treasure it.




Procedure text
·         Meaning : Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax.
·         Purpose : to tell the reader how to do or make something. The information is presented in a logical sequence of events which is broken up into small sequenced steps. These texts are usually written in the present tense. The most common example of a procedural text is a recipe.
·         Generic strukture :
(1) Goal
(2) Material Needed
(3) Methods or Steps

·       Tenses : Simple present tense
·       Example :

How to make fruit Ice

Material:
  • Ice
  • Apple
  • Strawberries
  • Wine
  • Jackfruit
  • Melon
  • Mango
  • Avocado
  • sugar water
  • milk
Steps :
  1. First, Cut the fruit round or dice
  2. then, Scratching the flesh of a melon
  3. then, Boil sugar with water until cooked for about 30 minutes.
  4. next, Put in serving glasses that have been cut round pieces or dice
  5. then, to taste Pour the sugar water, put ice cubes and put milk on ice fruit.
  6. Last, put the decorations on the glass with a piece of strawberry on it.

Recount teks
·         Meaning : a text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity. Its goal is to entertaining or informing the reader.
·         Purpose : to inform or entertain by retellingpast events or experiences. You can recount personal events, factual incidents orimaginary incidents
·         Generic strukture :
Ø  Orientation tells who was involved, what happened, where the events took place, and when it happened.
Ø  Events tell what happened and in what sequence.
Ø  Reorientation consists of optional-closure of events/ending.

·       Tenses :  Past Tense
·       Example :

My Holiday in Bali
When I was 2nd grade of senior high school, my friends and I went to Bali. We were there for three days. I had many impressive experiences during the vacation.

First day, we visited Sanur Beach in the morning. We saw the beautiful sunrise together. It was a great scenery. Then, we checked in to the hotel. After prepared our selves, we went to Tanah Lot. We met so many other tourists there. They were not only domestic but also foreign tourists.

Second day, we enjoyed the day on Tanjung Benoa beach. We played so many water sports such as banana boat, jetsky, speedboat etc. We also went to Penyu island to see many unique animals. They were turtles, snakes, and sea birds. We were very happy. In the afternoon, we went to Kuta Beach to see the amazing sunset and enjoyed the beautiful wave.

The last day, we spent our time in Sangeh. We could enjoy the green and shady forest. There were so many monkies. They were so tame but sometimes they could be naughty. We could make a close interaction with them. After that, we went to Sukowati market for shopping. That was my lovely time. I bought some Bali T-Shirt and souvenirs.

In the evening, we had to check out from the hotel. We went back home bringing so many amazing memories of Bali.

News item
·         Meaning : a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.
·         Purpose : to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy orimportant
·         Generic strukture :
 1. Main event
2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)
3. Resource of information
·       Tenses :  simple present & past tense
·       Example :
Town ‘Contaminated
Newsworthy events Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of anotherSoviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.Background Events Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people whowitnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22near Vladivostock.The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spreadradioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-classsubmarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And thoseinvolved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminatedmaterial were sworn to secrecy.Sumber InformasiSources A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in thehistory of the Soviet Navy.

Hortatory exposition
·         Meaning : a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done.
·         Purpose : to argue a case for or against a particular position or point of view and it proposes a suggestion at the end of the argumentation.
·         Generic strukture :
1.      Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern
2. Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation
3. Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the given arguments
·       Tense : simple present tense
·       Example :

Corruption


Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt placeinIndonesia.
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials.
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.


Spoof
·         Meaning : a type of story which have a twist ( funny part i the end of the story )
·         Purpose : recount the events, odd or funny by the event or events in real life that aims entertaining, which is topped with something unexpected (twist)
·         Generic strukture :
õ  Orientation.
õ  Events
õ  Twist
·       Tense : past tense
·       Example :
Nasrudin Gets a Cow


One day, Nasrudin’s wife told him, “Let’s buy a cow so that we can have milk every day.
Nasrudin replied, “We don’t have enough space in our yard for my donkey and a new cow.”
But despite Nasrudin’s objection, his wife persisted until he finally gave in.

So he bought the cow—and just he predicted, it crowded his beloved donkey in the barn. To end this problem, Nasrudin started to pray one night, saying, “Dear God, please kill the cow, so my wife can’t bother me about it anymore, and so my donkey can live in peace.”

The next day, Nasrudin went into the barn and was dismayed to discover that his donkey was dead! He looked up and said, “God, I don’t mean to offend you or anything, but let me ask you this—after all these years, do you mean to tell me that you still can’t tell the difference between a cow and a donkey?”



Analiytical exposition
·         Meaning : text types include Text Argumentation keadalam kind where the text contains detailed thoughts about the author of a phenomenon that is around.
·         Pupose : to convince the reader that the topic is presented is an important topic for discussion or attention by way of argument-argument or the opinions that support the game idea or topic.
·         Generic strukture :
õ  Thesis
õ  Argument
õ  Reiteration

·         Tense : simple present
·         Example :
Cars should be banned

Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know, give contribution to the most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit deadly gas that causes illness such as bronchritis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrains in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or to concentrate on your homework, and especially when you talk to someone.
In conclusion, cars should be benned from the city for the reason listed.

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